Academic Integrity In Engineering - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1375 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? Citing honestly scares me. Every time I have had to write an academic paper, I have wondered if I am doing it correctly or if my writing will be mistaken as deliberately deceptive. I do not have to write a lot of papers in my professional career and citing has has never been a skill I needed to use often enough in high school or even undergraduate school to become proficient at it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Academic Integrity In Engineering" essay for you Create order As such, when I have had to write, I have actively avoided referencing other works. To date, I have not once been accused of plagiarism and I have never received low enough marks on a paper to lead me to believe that I should have tried harder to reference other works when building my arguments. This could certainly be the one though. I do not think that my feelings toward citations are uncommon among engineers. Citing is just an unfamiliar skill for some, but that does not give anyone an excuse to write without giving proper credit to the original author. In my case, if I were to leave out a citation that should be there, that would still be a form of dishonesty because I would have withheld information that was expected to be there. However, if I were trying to pass the information off as my own original thought, that would be a deliberate deception and probably lying as well. (Charles E. Harris, Pritchard, Ray W. James, Englehardt, Rabbins, 2018). Both of these are forms of plagiarism by the standards of many publications regardless of the fact that one is done intentionally and one unknowingly (Stone, 2003). In high school, I never would have thought to cheat on assignments. I was fortunate then in the way that most of the topics we covered came easily to me. In my undergraduate years, there was significantly higher pressure to cheat. The material became increasingly harder every year, opportunities for misconduct were more plentiful, and there were scholarships I would have lost if I did not do well enough. I identified heavily with the reasons listed by Hardings report in one of the articles (Erwin, 2004). The extent of my own misconduct included looking up some homework problems online to get help on how to work them. I can rationalize that I often only needed help understanding how to solve the problems better, but the methods were still less than virtuous. I even (bitterly) remember one problem where I know I copied the answer exactly and I regret the attempt. 80% of the class had already dropped the course and I was very close to receiving a failing grade myself, something that had never happened to me at that point. I spent a disproportionate amount of my time working on that class and any opportunity to finish the homework more quickly was welcome. I searched for the problem online and found that the question was from a test for graduate level course at another university and I had absolutely no clue what was going on in the problem. The professor had become notorious for assigning homework problems beyond the scope of the textbook so this was not that surprising. Knowing I would never figure out what was going on in the problem without a significant amount of my time, I copied the answer exactly and moved on. When I got the homework back, the question was just marked as incorrect and I sometimes wonder if the professor knew that I must have copied it from somewhere else. I withdrew from the class shortly after because I did not want a failing grade to affect the scholarships that I relied on. I repeated the course with the same professor and received that failing grade and then later took the class with a different professor where I finally passed with high marks. I saw that problem and that class as unfair (and admittedly still do). Knowing that problem was from a test meant for graduate students gave me the right to ignore academic integrity. Or so I told myself at the time. Using answers found online is a lot like plagiarism in the way that someone passes off that information as their original thoughts. In a lot of instances, I really did learn from the solutions I used online and I never cheated during tests, but perhaps I robbed myself of certain learning opportunities as well and am a less prepared engineer because of it. I also knew of groups who met to exchanged answers on homework. Engineers have to collaborate on projects and that seems like a logical justification for collaborating. To an extent, I think that collaboration should be encouraged between students and it was in some classes. Personally, I cannot think of a single class or assignment where collaboration was explicitly forbidden. Selingo speaks to this form of cheating in his article, stating that it is probably the most common form of cheating that they encounter for this exact reason (Selingo, 2004). It is honestly confusing from our perspective which forms of collaboration are acceptable and which are not unless we are explicitly told. Finally, I once saw one of my capstone partners use his phone to look up answers during a test. I did not say anything about it to the professor (who happened to be gone that day while a TA proctored the test in his place). We were not particularly good friends, but I would have had to interact with this person frequently. I did not want to ruin that working relationship and so chose not to say anything. Having now read various codes of ethics, I wonder if I should have done something different back then. If a history of cheating in high school is a significant predictor of cheating in college, then perhaps more emphasis on academic integrity should be held at that level of schooling (Erwin, 2004). By that logic though, academic integrity would need to be emphasized at the elementary level, pre-school level, etc. as well. I do not think that this is honestly feasible as a solution to problems with academic integrity. Past action may be a good predictor of future behavior, but it does not give significant insight into how to curtail cheating in an academic setting or other societal settings for that matter. This viewpoint also does not take into account that people tend to behave differently as they mature and that varying circumstances can affect ones decision to cheat. The PACES group concluded that the Situation in which cheating occurs was one of the strongest predictors of the frequency of cheating (Erwin, 2004). So, can cheating be reduced by changing the academic environment? The University of Florida professor Schueller would go so far as to build specialized facilities where wireless internet would be unavailable during exams (Selingo, 2004). To me, this is the wrong direction as it would only stop some forms of cheating and it would be unreasonable for such a facility to be built on every university campus. The PACES group believes that changing teaching practices will have a significant effect on student academic integrity and from my own personal struggle with academic integrity, I would agree with that viewpoint (Erwin, 2004). Unfortunately, this approach is equally ambitious and unlikely to show promising results quickly. I think that the best way to curtail academic dishonesty is to put the necessary tools in the hands of the students themselves. There are strong points for having an open discussion within the classroom on what will and will not constitute as academically dishonest behavior for that class. By allowing students to be a part of the discussion, it puts the responsibility of their decisions more firmly in their own hands. It also forces them to become actively involved in making ethical decisions at an earlier stage of their lives. There are also strong points for setting firm boundaries and sticking to them, but I believe either method will work as long as there is sufficient communication between students and teachers. Additionally, the use of tools like plagiarism detectors has extended from educators on to the students as well (C.J. Neill, 2004). The free and open use of these tools allows students to police themselves and can help to avoid misunderstandings.

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How The Special Education Needs Setting Meets Karim s...

Section B: Caring in Special Education Needs Setting How the Special Education Needs Setting meets Karim’s Life Quality Factors? In this section, I will be describing how the life quality factors and caring skills will be provided for Karim by the different job roles found in a special education needs setting. I will also be looking at the possible way Karim may be treated ineffectively by the various job roles found in special education needs settings and the potential barriers that may prevent the children from being treated well. Psychological Security – Feeling Safe Firstly, the Head teacher would make sure that the teachers lock the school doors whilst the school is in session as well as when it is the end of the day, they would assure that the parents take their children. This would make the children feel safe (psychological security). Therefore, this would make The North Gate School secure, because the special educational needs setting makes certain that everything is fine. A Therapist would communicate well with the children and make the children feel safe by solving their dilemma. However, a special education needs assistant would make the children cherished by encouraging the children. This includes helping the children when help is required. For example, if the child is not able to make friends. A Therapist would generally tell the children a solution on how they could be making friends, supporting them when no one believes they could reach their potential. AShow MoreRelatedChataux Margaux Business Case10672 Words   |  43 PagesSTRATEGY 16 8. OBJECTIVES 16 8.1. SHORT-TERM GOALS 16 8.2. LONG-TERM GOALS 16 9. MARKETING MIX 16 9.1. PRODUCT 16 9.1.1. Three levels of Product: 16 9.1.2. Product positioning strategy 17 9.2. PLACE 17 9.2.1. U.S. Market 17 9.2.2. Product Life Cycle: Growth Stage 18 9.3. PRICE 18 9.3.1. Pricing Strategy 18 9.4. PROMOTION (4 ELEMENTS OF PROMOTIONAL MIX) 19 9.4.1. Advertising 19 9.4.2. Public Relations 19 9.4.3. 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Learning Team Reflection Week 3 Essay - 653 Words

Learning Team Reflection Week 3 Ian Adams, Evelyn Hunter, Maria Palakunnel, Jasmine Simmons FIN/571 October 26, 2014 Richard Vermeer Learning Team Reflection Week 3 Allen Litchman and Laura Trust a husband and wife who worked both worked for corporate firms purchased the Finagle A Bagel business in 1988 in order to relinquish themselves from having to work for others. They have consistently made good decisions and consequently have expanded the business to multiple locations. The team spoke about the importance of due diligence in evaluating conditions for opportunities and then verifying if the projected ROI were sufficient for the organization to undertake. They communicated about using pro forma financial statements to evaluate†¦show more content†¦Once the items for service are delivered, the company is given a period anywhere from 30 – 90 days for repayment. This allows amicable time to get paid for the product produced. Vendors are sometimes flexible and allow the buyers good terms for credit on products. In the video the product of a bag of flour was used as an example as when flour is purchased for the bagel business it is not utilized right away, therefore the revenue gained from the sale of the product from this base product will only generate profit over time (Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. S, Bates, T. W. (2012). The owners of Finagle a Bagel also made sure that they continuously planned to make sure they kept in touch with some of their outside merchandisers in order to keep from being in debt. They also made sure to plan ahead when it came to having enough products to sell to consumers. In the video, the couple mentions that merchandise takes a while to come and sometimes it may not come as soon as it should so prioritizing and planning ahead of time helps the bagel store to not fall store. The team shared the importance of having a good bank to raise the capital. 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Political Risks in International Marketing Free Essays

Assessing the political environment is an important part in any business decision. Laws and regulations passed by either local, regional and central government bodies can affect foreign firms’ operations. Also, firms are comfortable assessing the political climates in their home countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Risks in International Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, assessing the political climates in other countries is still problematic. Classification and description of political risks When doing international business, the manager may face several types of financial risks. The major types of financial risks are commercial risks, political risks, exchange rate risks, and other such as inflation-related risks. Thus, political risks are non commercial risks. Political risks are any changes in the political environment that may adversely affect the value of a firm’s business activities. Political risks may occur in any nation, but the risks vary considerably between countries. We may distinguish two types of classification of political risks. A classification based on the characteristic of political risks and a classification or categorization based on the local government actions or control. Classification based on the characteristics of political risks Characteristics refer to as the facts that are inherent to each political risk. In other terms, their uniqueness or what make them different from one another. There are three types of such characteristics: ownership risks, operating risks, and transfer risks. Ownership risk In which the property of the firm is threatened through expropriation, confiscation or domestication. Ownership risk exposes property and life. The triad will be explained in the second classification. Operating risk  In which there is interference with the firm operations. The ongoing operations of the and/or the safety of its employees are threatened through changes in laws, environmental standards, tax codes, terrorism, armed insurrection or wars, and so forth. Transfer risk  In which the government interferes with a firm’s ability to shift funds into and out of the country. Classification based host country actions We can distinguish two types: political risks out of the government control and political risk induced by the government. Political risks out of government control. There are risks or events arise from nongovernmental actions, factors that are outside the government responsibility. There are  wars, revolution, coup d’etat, terrorism, strikes, extortion, and kidnappings. They all derived from some unstable social situation, with population frustration and intolerance. All these risks can generate violence, directed towards firms’ property and employees. We may also have the case of  externally induced financial constraints and externally imposed limits on imports or exports, especially in case of embargoes or any economic sanctions against the host country. Political risks induced by the government These risks constitute some laws directed against foreign firms. Some government-induced risks are very drastic. There are expropriation, confiscation and domestication. Expropriation  is the seizure of foreign assets by a government with payment of compensation to the owners. In other terms, it is involuntary transfer of property, with compensation, from a privately owned firm to a host country government. Expropriation may generate some funds for the owners. However, procedures to get paid from the government are sometimes protracted and the final amount remains low. Furthermore, if no compensation is paid, conflicts may erupt between the host country and the country of the expropriated firm. For instance, the relations between U. S. and Cuba acknowledge such situation, since Cuba does not offer compensation to U. S. firms that have their assets sized. 3(*)  Also, expropriation can refrain other companies from investing in the concerned country. Confiscation  is another type of ownership risk similar to expropriation, except compensation. It is involuntary transfer of property, no compensation, from a privately owned firm to a host country government. In confiscation, firms do not receive any funds from government. Thereby, it represents a more risky situation for foreign firms. Some industries are more vulnerable to confiscation than others because of their importance to the host countries and their lack of ability to shift operations. Sectors such as mining, energy, public utilities, and banking have been targets of such government actions. Domestication  offers to governments a subtle control over the foreign investments. There is a partial ownership transfer and companies are urged to prioritize local production and to retain a large share of the profit within the country. Domestication can negatively impact the international marketer activities, as well as that of the entire firm. For example, if foreign companies are forced to hire nationals as managers, poor cooperation and communication can result. If domestication was imposed within a short time span, poorly trained and inexperienced local managers would head the firm operations with possible lost of profits. Other government actions-related risks  are less dangerous but more common such as  boycott, sabotage. When facing shortage of foreign currency, government, sometimes, attempts to  control the movement of capital  in and out of the country. Often,  exchange controls  are levied selectively against certain products or companies. Exchange controls limit importation of goods so that firms might be confronted with difficulties in their regular transactions. Severe restrictions on import  can be a motive for foreign corporate to shut down. Governments may also raise the tax rate applied to foreign investors in order to control them and their capital. Government may implement a  price control system. Such control uses to derive from a sensitive political situation. For example, social pressure may result in a kind of price standardization for particular sectors like food, transportation, fuel, and healthcare. Political risks like arms conflicts, insurrection may affect all firms in the country equally. For that reason they are called  macro political risks. Unlike, nationalization, strikes, expropriation may affect only a handful and specific firm, they are named  micro political risks. Impact of some political risks Some negative effects of political risks on firm are summarized in the following table. Table 1. Holistic table summarizing the major political risks and their effects on firms TYPES| IMPACT ON FIRMS| Expropriation| Loss of future profits| | | Confiscation| Loss of assets| Loss of future profits| | | Campaigns against foreign goods| Loss of sales| | Increased costs of public relations efforts to improve public image| | | Mandatory labor benefits legislation| Increased operating costs| | | Kidnappings, terrorists threats, and other forms of violence| Disrupted production| | Increased security costs| | Increased managerial costs| | Lower productivity| | | Civil wars| Destru ction of property| | Lost sales| | Disruption of production| | Increased security costs| | Lower productivity| | | Inflation| Higher operating costs| | Repatriation| Inability to transfer funds freely| | | Currency devaluations| Reduced value of repatriated earnings| | | Increased taxation| Lower after-tax profits| | | Source, Ricky W. Griffin, International business, 2005, page 73 In long run, and depending on the severity of the risks, action taken by government may decrease income and be detrimental to the host country economy. Strong political risks that are deeply rooted in the country governance habit might be barriers to foreign investment and country prosperity. What is going on in West Africa? How to cite Political Risks in International Marketing, Essay examples

Liberal Arts Technology Essay Example For Students

Liberal Arts Technology Essay Technology could also motivate more students to take part in liberal arts because it is so far advanced that one can e dependent upon it to do all the research for papers and everything that is needed for classes like take notes. One is either against technology in the classroom because the student needs the face-to-face interaction with the protestor or one believes that technology in the classroom benefits the students because many students need the hands-on learning that technology provides, Professors should learn to teach with and without the use tot technology because each student perceives and applies learning in all different ways. One way of teaching does not work on every student. Susan Frost, a higher education consultant and professor of liberal arts, and Deborah Olsen, an associate professor in the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, wrote Critics worry that the use of advanced technology in liberal arts classes will erode faculty-student interaction and diminish intellectual rigor (20). Carpenter These women did a study on a virtual liberal arts classroom program named Sinusoids. The students that participated in this study felt a great deal responsibility for their own learning. The faculty connected and interacted tit the other colleagues that were interested in this program to expand the conceptual perspective. The collaborative efforts of all the professors involved in the program increased the amount of students using it and then letting undergraduates make an effort with the technology (Frost Olsen, 20). After three years of the women interviewing, researching, and collection of data Sinusoids seems to show that technology, creatively employed, can enhance a liberal arts curriculum, perhaps even more effectively than media less embedded in identifiers-century culture and traditions (20), This program is created to enhance the liberal arts studies with technology and it could be so effective that the media will improve the twentieth century cultures. The faculty of the Sinusoids program, had a face-to-face summer seminar to providing the preliminaries for the technologically assisted collaboration for the new students and the seminar provided this: The collegial atmosphere of the summer seminar also spilled over into the courses, sometimes blurring the boundary between teachers and learners. Both faculty and students realize that collaboration infused the course With a particular energy _ The faculty members excitement bout teaching in their specialty and exploring other aspects of their discipline tends to sweep students into the scholarly process (Pros Olsen, 21) _ This seminar for the technology proved that technology does not make liberal arts less pertinent and less respected in society but it does make the faculty and the students Carpenter ! 3 excited about moving forward with technology in the classroom. The Sinusoids program has helped students develop the disciplined yet vibrant habits of mind that allow them to respond usefully to what is new in our culture and use he technology to accomplish tough challenges in the professional work force to accept reality (22). Rebecca Chop, President of Swarthmore College, gave a lecture entitled Against the Grain: Liberal Arts in the 21st Century about hove technology is a structural challenge and how it can ruin colleges credibility. She believes that: Higher education is also experiencing great change and challenge through technology. Technology, as expensive as it is to provide and support, is bringing substantive change in how we think about our basic educational practices. But no matter how far technology advances, most of us in the liberal arts believe that education still requires real human interaction. Worry that the digital environment weakens civil discourse when it tempts us away from the hard work of developing face-to-face communities. .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 , .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 .postImageUrl , .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 , .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4:hover , .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4:visited , .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4:active { border:0!important; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4:active , .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4 .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc08767aa2edb337a890f524f1841cbb4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marcel Gross EssayWe do not know where the ever-expanding technology frontier will take us, but we cannot ignore this challenge (Chop, 2012). Chop is trying to make liberal arts more pertinent and more respected in society Without technology. She wants her students to have to student/professor interaction and not teach behind a computer screen because it weakens a students hard work ethic. She doesnt want to expand the learning with technology until she knows where the technology is going to go in the future with the challenges of finding a job in the professional work force. Carpenter ! 4 The argument to be made about the two sides of disagreement whether or not technology is an important part tot liberal arts or is it a disadvantage to students looking for interaction in the work force, Should the students be taught liberal arts with face-attach interaction or should the students be taught technology education because it is advancing rapidly? Technology in the work force does emend student success but the students shouldnt become dependent on it to do all of his or her learning. Students need more than just technology in the work force. They need the social interaction that they get from student-professor learning Liberal arts education is personable and it teaches you how to speak to others in ways that technology does not. Social interaction learning instead of technology provides liberal arts to become more pertinent and more respected in society according to Chop. Students have been given the opportunity to further their education with the genealogical advances such as laptops, i-pads, phones, and androids,aspects a result office such technological developments, traditionally teaching Or lecturing will not work with all students today. Todays student needs hands- on applications. One needs to experience learning, to actively engage in the learning process. Such demands are easily fulfilled in the technical disciplines, such as technology education and engineering (Bovines n. P). Many students do not respond to being lectured at and having to take notes. They need the hands on technology to become hard working students. Technology wasnt used for education. At first it was used to industrialized and was not used in the classroom now technology; Only within the last decade has technology education begun to gain recognition as an important academic discipline. Initially, the discipline Carpenter ! 5 was seen as industrial arts wrapped in different paper with a new bow for the new name. As names of programs changed throughout the ass and into the 21st Century (Bovines n,p), The education in technology has changed since the 19th century from industrial education because high school dropouts wouldnt to college but they need he industrial education for the work force. Technology moved into education to encourage students to continue education for the professional world. Professors should learn to teach with and without the use of technology because each student perceives and applies learning in all different ways. One way Of teaching does not work on every student. Therefore, both the use of technology and the choice Of interaction in the classes Of liberal arts With probably suggest Otherwise and argue that liberal arts is becoming less pertinent and less respected in society today. The two sides would agree on this quote by Alfred North Whitehead, a British mathematician, logician and philosopher; There can be no adequate technical education which is not liberal, and no liberal education which is not technical (1996). The use of technology and the choice of interaction over technology are equally not the problem in todays society because each student learns different from one another. The use of technology does not make the liberal arts less pertinent and less respected. It is just a new way of learning. Works Cited Bovines, Scott.

Analysis of Alpha Response Technology Solutions versus Positivo

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of ARTS Versus Positivo BGH Rwanda. Answer: Introduction This paper provides a quantitative assessment for the creation of Alpha Response Technology Solution (ARTS), a Taiwanese Technology firm. The quantitative assessment is meant to provide critical data that would enable the company to break into the Rwandese market and be successful. Alpha Response Technology Solution (ARTS) intend to compete against Positivo BGH, accompany which is already established in the country of Rwanda. The main product solution for ARTS is GT80S Titan SLI 18.4in Core i7 Notebook. This kind of Notebook is specifically built for use in the analysis of Western Business Market. It retails at 4999 or 3792.37(82 Rwandese francs). ARTSs Chief Executive Officer happens to have shared the same classroom with the Chief Executive Officer of Positivo BGH during their time in University. The two officers also share an emotional rivalry regarding ownership of CPU designs. The CEO OF ARTS claims that his CPU designs were copied by his former university classmate who is curre ntly the CEO of Positivo BGH. The claimed computer design was used by Positivo BGH Company when it made its first entrance into the Rwandese Computer market. PESTEL analysis with county information related to Rwanda Rwanda is a landlocked country located in the eastern part of Africa. It is bordered by four countries. There is DRC on its western side, Tanzania to the East; Uganda is located in its northern part whole Burundi is located on its south. The nation has a total population of about 11.64 million. Out of the population, 48% are males while 52% are females. The nation has made huge strides in economic development with the support that it has obtained from the World Bank and IMF. As a result, it has been able to enjoy a stable economic growth over the last 10 years. Description of the incentives to enter the Rwandan Special Economic Zone Alpha Response Technology Solution (ARTS) intends to introduce Notebook computers into the Rwandese market. The brand of the Notebook will be is GT80S Titan SLI 18.4in Core i7. The notebooks would retail at 4999 or 3792.37(82 Rwandese francs). The notebooks would have the following specifications; Intel i7 6920HQ CPU, NVIDIA GeForce GTX980M graphics in SLI, 1x HDMI, 32GB DDR4 memory, Super Raid 4 512GB solid state drive, 1TB hard drive, 1x USB Super Port Type-C, 18.4in Full HD anti-glare display, Windows 10, 5x USB 3.0, Blu-ray writer, Gigabit LAN, Dynio 7.1io, 1x Mini DisplayPort, Bluetooth 4.2. Explanation of current foreign investment in Rwanda There is currently a laptop manufacturing company in Rwanda. The company is known as Positivo BGH and it originates from Argentina. The company has so far produced many laptops in the tiny country. The aim of the company when it first entered the market was to supply the government of Rwanda with digital devices (Asaba , 2016, p. 3). It was expected that production of the laptops locally would greatly reduce the shortage of digital gadgets which has been experienced in most of the learning and teaching institutions in the country. Many schools had complained of the shortage and there was a need for the improvement of the teaching of ICT programs in the learning institutions. Positivo BGH led by the CEO Mr. Juan Ignacio Ponelli started its operations in the country in July 2014 (Eleni Parke, 2016, p. 1). As at late 2015, the company had assembled a total of 7,800 computer units. According to the Chief Executive Officer of Positivo BGH, he believes that his company has brought one of the best technology to the African country of Rwanda. The manufacturing firm for Positivo BGH is located in Special Economic Zones (Positivo BGH, 2017, p. 9). The area is geographically and physically secured. There is a single body that administers the entire area. The government has supplied some incentives in these areas that have promoted the work of the foreign investors. There is a simplified and liberal business economic regulation in the area Explanation of ARTS' motivation to enter Rwanda There are a number of factors that have motivated ARTS to enter the Rwandese market. They include; Political stability The country is very stable politically. The Rwandese people learned a lot of lessons from the 1994 genocide and they dont wish to be dragged into such a situation again. They have been very tolerant and peaceful since the genocide occurred. In the countrys general election of 2013, female candidates won 64% of the total contested seats (Balakrishnan, 2016, p. 3). That was evidence that the countrys democracy has tremendously grown. Good and steady economic growth The country has a set vision which they are looking towards. It is entitled as vision 2020. There are goals that the people of Rwanda would like to achieve by the year, 2020 (Darid , 2016, p. 5). The government of Rwanda intends to transform the economy of the country from agriculture based to an economy that is knowledge-based. The country also hopes that it would be able to fall under middle-income country by then (Kanamugire Afadhali, 2016, p. 12). The government has therefore put in place economic development strategies. There are also measures that have been put in place to ensure that poverty is eradicated in the country. Since 1994, the Rwandese government has focused on economic transformation, youth empowerment, productivity and rural development. The country managed to meet the majority of the 2015 and 2016 Millennium Development Goals that it had set (Balakrishnan, 2016, p. 3). There was a huge improvement in the standards of living among the people of Rwanda. There was a drop in the mortality rate. The government of Rwanda has also put a lot of focus on development policies. The news of the introduction of ARTS into the Rwandese market would, therefore, be received with a lot of joy (Eleni Parke, 2016, p. 13). The rivalry between the two companies There is a bitter rivalry between Positivo BGH and ARTS. The CEO of the two companies was once classmates in the university. In addition, The Chief Executive Officer of ARTS Claims that Positivo BGH copied his CPU designs. As a result, he is willing to enter the same market with Positivo BGH and compete against it. The CEO of ARTS would be willing to outdo his rival company, Positivo BGH so as to prove that he was the mastermind behind the design of the CPU of the notebook that was being produced by Positivo BGH (Positivo BGH, 2017, p. 64). 5 Forces analysis for ARTS 5 FORCES Analysis Buyer power Power buyer refers to the possibility of customers shifting from the products of Positivo BGH to those of ARTS. How possible will ARTS convince the customers so that they can shift allegiance? There is a number method that can be used by ARTS to win Rwandese customers. The first method is through the production of better products than those of Positivo BGH. The company must also strengthen their service delivery. The second method is through convincing influential customers that their products are the best ( Miller, et al., 2011, p. 23). Influential customer are able to convince the rest of the customers Supplier power In this case, ART company has to keenly assess the possibility that suppliers of items used in the manufacturing process can raise the prices of the items. If there are few suppliers, then they are likely to raise prices at will. However, if the suppliers are many then they would not be able to raise easily. Suppliers are more powerful when they are few than when they are many ( Miller, et al., 2011, p. 32). Competitive rivalry It is important for any business company to note the number of its competitors. They should also be aware of the competitors capacity. A company would have very little power in the market if I am faced with many competitors that are offering similar products. Buyers and suppliers would have many alternatives in case they are not satisfied by the products of the company. However, if there is no other company that is capable of matching you in the market then you would have great control. As a result, ARTS would only face one competitor in the market that is PositivoBGH. If ARTS is capable of producing products that exceed those of Positivo BGH, Then it would have full control of the Rwandese market ( Miller, et al., 2011, p. 39). Substitution threat Substitution comes about when people discover a different way of carrying out a duty that you do. Your power would hence be weakened. For example, if ARTS come into the market and produces expensive notebooks which are used to perform some duties, then the people may resort to a manual way of carrying out the duties. Substitution may come about very easily. Every business company is afraid of substitution (Asaba , 2016, p. 43). Threat from new entry into the market The possibility of other players entering the market is likely to affect the power of other players which are already in the market. A company that has little protection in regard to its technology is likely to lose its position with the arrival of other players. Positivo BGH is likely to be threatened by the arrival of ARTS since it had copied its CPU design from the CEO of ARTS (Mindtools, 2016, p. 27). ARTS, therefore, has the capacity to improve on the design. Comparison of ARTS primary product line with that of Positivo BGH ARTS Positivo BGH ARTS produces technology design for its products Copied its technology design from the CEO of ARTS. ARTS intends to enter the Rwandese market so that it can be able to produce Notebooks Positivo BGH has already started manufacturing computers in the African country of Rwanda Likely return for producing and releasing Titan for sale to the Rwanda domestic market versus Western market Rwanda market Western market There is a high return for realizing titan since there are few competitors There is low return for the release of titan because there are many competitors There would be low return for producing titan because most of the raw materials would have to be imported. The importation process would hence be expensive. Skilled labour would also need to be imported. There would be high return for producing titan since there would be readily available raw materials and skilled labour. Recommendation based on the 5 Forces analysis for ARTS ARTS must put in place strategies that it would use to win customer in Rwanda. At the moment all the customers buy their computers and computer products from Positivo BGH. ARTS and Positivo BGH would be the only companies in Rwanda. As a result, they would be able to dictate the market since they are few. They would have full control of the market. However, they should be aware that future entrance of any other company into the market would reduce their control power in the market. ARTS must, therefore, ensure high quality of its products in order to remain competitive in the market even when another company enters the market. References Miller, F. P., Vandome, A. F. McBrewster, J., 2011. Porter Five Forces Analysis, s.l.: VDM Publishing. Asaba , S., 2016. Tech News, Rwanda, s.l.: New Times Rwanda. Balakrishnan, K., 2016. Rwanda. Washington: World Bank. Darid , F., 2016. Rwanda Foreign Direct Investment, s.l.: Trading economics. Eleni , G. Parke, P., 2016. Why this South American Company is making laptops in Rwanda, s.l.: CNN. Kanamugire, J. Afadhali, J. P., 2016. Positivo now produces new computers in Rwanda, s.l.: The East African. Mindtools, 2016. Porters Five Force, s.l.: Mindtools. Positivo BGH, 2017. Create your own experience, s.l.: Positivo BGH.